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PH Stainless Steels Official identity plus labelled composition estimate
Material / Grade

1.4548

X5CrNiCu17-4

Shaygan Steel

1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 is independently listed in the official European steel material-number register; property indices and designation-derived chemistry are clearly labelled screening guidance.

Hardness potential78 / 100Comparison index
Toughness64 / 100Comparison index
Impact resistance60 / 100Comparison index
Bending resistance82 / 100Comparison index
Abrasive wear72 / 100Comparison index
Steel Overview

Complete introduction and metallurgical analysis

1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 belongs to PH Stainless Steels and selection centres on high strength from precipitation hardening combined with stainless corrosion resistance.

1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 is independently listed in the official European steel material-number register; property indices and designation-derived chemistry are clearly labelled screening guidance.

The principal recorded elements are C≈0.05%, Cr≈17%, Ni≈4%. Mid-range values support engineering interpretation and do not replace purchase limits.

The expected microstructure is martensitic or semi-austenitic stainless matrix strengthened by a controlled ageing precipitate population; delivery condition, section size, melt quality and processing history can change that state.

Comparison indices are hardness 78/100, toughness 64/100, impact 60/100, wear 72/100 and bending 82/100. These are internal indices, not standard test results.

The screening temperature range is -40–420 °C; strength or hardness loss, oxidation, exposure time and creep must be assessed separately.

A representative process route is solution treatment or supplied condition followed by the specified ageing treatment. Obtain actual temperatures, times and cooling media from the grade and product data sheet.

Manufacturing indices are weldability 34/100, machinability 49/100, corrosion resistance 86/100 and fatigue resistance 78/100; use them for screening only.

The principal risk is incorrect ageing response, toughness loss, distortion or stress-corrosion cracking in an unsuitable condition. Evaluate geometry, surface condition, environment and the governing failure mechanism together.

A similar name or calculated relationship is not proof of interchangeability; match chemistry, specification, condition, heat treatment and MTC.

Engineering conclusion: 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 is a rational candidate when high strength with better corrosion performance than conventional low-alloy steels matches the real load, environment and certified product condition.

Recorded standards:DIN EN 10027-2 — steel material-number systemDIN EN 10027-1 — steel designation systemEuropean Steel Registration Office / Stahldaten
International Equivalents

International equivalents and designations

A close counterpart is not automatically interchangeable. Confirm chemistry, product standard, delivery condition, dimensions and heat treatment.

W.NrOfficial designation for the same grade
1.4548
A registered identity within the same grade record.
DIN / EN official registerOfficial designation for the same grade
X5CrNiCu17-4
A registered identity within the same grade record.
Chemical Composition

Chemical composition and the role of each element

The principal recorded elements are C≈0.05%, Cr≈17%, Ni≈4%. Mid-range values support engineering interpretation and do not replace purchase limits. Composition is shown for screening and traceability. The current purchase standard and the heat-specific MTC remain authoritative.

ElementWeight-percent rangeMetallurgical role and effect
C≈ 0.05 %Carbon raises hardness, strength and carbide potential; excessive carbon can reduce toughness and weldability.
Cr≈ 17 %Chromium promotes hardenability and carbide formation and, at sufficient levels, corrosion or oxidation resistance.
Ni≈ 4 %Nickel generally improves toughness and through-section response and stabilises austenite in stainless systems.

DIN EN 10027-1 — steel designation system Designation estimate

Engineering Behaviour

Engineering behaviour and selection response

Hardness potential78 / 100

Relative hardness screening index only; verify actual condition, section size and treatment. Internal comparison index: 78/100.

Engineering analysis
Toughness64 / 100

Toughness has an internal index of 64/100 (moderate). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis
Impact resistance60 / 100

Impact resistance has an internal index of 60/100 (moderate). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis
Bending resistance82 / 100

Bending resistance has an internal index of 82/100 (very high). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis
Abrasive wear72 / 100

Wear screening depends on microstructure, hardness, counterface and lubrication. Internal comparison index: 72/100.

Engineering analysis
Corrosion resistance86 / 100

Corrosion resistance depends on actual chemistry, condition, surface and exposure environment. Internal comparison index: 86/100.

Engineering analysis
Weldability34 / 100

Weldability has an internal index of 34/100 (low). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis
Machinability49 / 100

Machinability has an internal index of 49/100 (moderate). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis
High-temperature strength65 / 100

The stated range is family screening guidance, not a sourced service limit. Internal comparison index: 65/100.

Engineering analysis
Creep resistance42 / 100

Creep resistance has an internal index of 42/100 (low). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis
Fatigue resistance78 / 100

Fatigue resistance has an internal index of 78/100 (high). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Engineering analysis

Numerical scores are internal comparison indices. They are not standard test results, allowable design stresses or a manufacturer guarantee. Data Method

Hardness & Hardenability

Hardness and hardenability

Relative hardness screening index only; verify actual condition, section size and treatment. Internal screening index: 78/100 (high).

78/100

high

Comparison index

Governing factors

  • Chemistry and section size
  • Austenitising and quench severity
  • Tempering temperature and time
  • Test method and surface preparation

Data limits

Final acceptance requires the current standard, product form, dimensions, delivery condition and heat-specific MTC.

Impact & Toughness

Toughness, impact and fracture behaviour

Impact resistance is indexed at 60/100 and toughness at 64/100. These are not Charpy or Izod energy values; temperature, orientation, geometry and actual microstructure govern component behaviour.

60/100moderateComparison index
  • Microstructure, hardness and grain size influence impact tolerance.
  • Sharp radii, notches and surface defects reduce fracture resistance.
  • Test temperature, specimen direction and section must be identified.
  • For critical parts, accept impact energy only from a documented test of the same condition.
Temperature & Creep

Service temperature, thermal stability and creep

The stated range is family screening guidance, not a sourced service limit. -40–420 °C is a screening range or sourced limit according to its evidence label. Check strength loss, oxidation, creep, exposure time and environment.

Continuous service

-40–420 °CEngineering guidance

Review the limit against strength or hardness loss and exposure time.

Intermittent service

Do not assign an intermittent limit without product-specific source data.

Tempering and phase stability

Working and coating temperatures must remain compatible with the tempering condition and required microstructure.

Oxidation and environment

Oxidation or corrosion may become limiting before the strength criterion.

Relative creep resistance42/100Comparison index

The relative creep index is 42/100 (low). It is not an allowable creep stress or rupture-life value.

Do not select this grade for long-term static high-temperature loading from the internal index alone.

Wear & Surface Behaviour

Wear resistance and surface behaviour

Abrasive wear

Wear screening depends on microstructure, hardness, counterface and lubrication. The abrasive-wear index is 72/100; final hardness, carbides, microstructure, contact mode and lubrication govern actual resistance.

Comparison index

Adhesive wear

Assess adhesive wear with the counterface material, lubrication, roughness, pressure and temperature.

Engineering analysis

Surface improvement

Evaluate surface treatment or coating only after confirming compatibility with chemistry, substrate and process temperature.

Engineering guidance
Mechanical & Physical Properties

Mechanical and physical properties

No complete sourced numerical mechanical set is stored for this condition; labelled comparison indices are shown instead of invented test values.

Comparative propertyInternal indexInformation type
Hardness potential78 / 100Comparison index
Toughness64 / 100Comparison index
Impact resistance60 / 100Comparison index
Bending resistance82 / 100Comparison index
Abrasive wear72 / 100Comparison index
Corrosion resistance86 / 100Comparison index
Weldability34 / 100Comparison index
Machinability49 / 100Comparison index
High-temperature strength65 / 100Comparison index
Creep resistance42 / 100Comparison index
Fatigue resistance78 / 100Comparison index

Physical properties

Density, elastic modulus, expansion and conductivity depend on family, temperature and product condition. Use grade- and product-specific values for precise calculations.

Engineering analysis
Heat Treatment

Heat-treatment stages and process controls

The representative family route is solution treatment or supplied condition followed by the specified ageing treatment. Numerical temperatures are shown only when supported by the record.

1

Annealing / stress relief

Engineering guidance

Assess the supply condition, residual stress, section size and prior machining before selecting time and temperature.

Cooling: Grade- and process-specific cooling
2

Preheating and austenitising

Engineering guidance

Set preheat steps and austenitising parameters from the grade/product data sheet and actual section size.

Cooling: Grade- and process-specific cooling
3

Quenching / controlled cooling

Engineering guidance

Choose the quench medium and cooling severity against hardenability, geometry, distortion and crack risk.

Cooling: Grade- and process-specific cooling
4

Tempering / property adjustment

Engineering guidance

Set tempering or ageing to the required hardness, toughness and service-temperature balance.

Cooling: Grade- and process-specific cooling
5

Tempering / property adjustment

Engineering guidance

Set tempering or ageing to the required hardness, toughness and service-temperature balance.

Cooling: Grade- and process-specific cooling
Process control: Review delivery condition, actual section, equipment capability, crack and distortion risk and target hardness before approving the cycle.
Engineering Charts

Hardness, toughness, impact, temperature and process charts

Chemistry data retain their evidence label; 0–100 charts are internal indices and stages without temperature are process sequences.

Multi-axis engineering profile

Comparison index

Chemical composition

Designation estimate

Hardness–toughness balance

Comparison index

Toughness, impact and fatigue

Comparison index

Wear and surface response

Comparison index

Mechanical properties or comparison indices

Comparison index

Service temperature

Engineering guidance

Heat treatment

Engineering guidance

Related-grade similarity

Comparison index

All comparison indices

Comparison index
Failure Modes & Selection

Potential failure modes and selection guidance

Potential failure mechanisms

  • incorrect ageing response, toughness loss, distortion or stress-corrosion cracking in an unsuitable condition.
  • Fatigue initiation from surface defects, section transitions or stress concentration.
  • Property loss after unsuitable heat treatment, cooling or finishing.
  • Corrosion, oxidation or environmental attack when protection is inadequate.

Selection and design notes

  • Match designation, material number, product standard and supply form before purchase.
  • Compare the governing failure mechanism with hardness 78, toughness 64, impact 60 and wear 72 indices out of 100.
  • Use mechanical values only within their cited condition, dimensions and test temperature.
  • Confirm the heat-treatment route and target hardness with the processor before final machining.
  • Review the heat number, MTC and required test results before release.
Advantages & Limitations

Advantages, limitations and unsuitable applications

Advantages

  • high strength with better corrosion performance than conventional low-alloy steels.
  • A clearly labelled engineering profile supports comparison with related grades.
  • Grade identity, chemistry, counterparts and references remain traceable in one dossier.

Limitations and weaknesses

  • incorrect ageing response, toughness loss, distortion or stress-corrosion cracking in an unsuitable condition.
  • A 0–100 index cannot be converted into design stress, impact energy or creep life.
  • Hardness and toughness depend on section, delivery condition and actual processing.
  • Do not approve a substitute before checking the product standard and heat-specific MTC.

Cases requiring caution or an alternative material

Critical design without condition- and section-specific test dataDirect substitution based only on name or similarity scoreLong-term creep service without sourced time–stress–temperature dataincorrect ageing response, toughness loss, distortion or stress-corrosion cracking in an unsuitable condition
Applications & Processing

Industrial applications and processing

Typical applications

  • Shafts, axles and rotating machine components
  • Coil, leaf and torsion springs or resilient components
  • Aerospace, landing-gear and high-integrity rotating components
  • aerospace and high-strength fittings
  • shafts, valves and pump components
  • corrosion-resistant fasteners
  • precision parts requiring high strength after ageing

Manufacture, welding and surface engineering

Weldability has an internal index of 34/100 (low). Actual performance requires a documented product condition, heat treatment and test context.

Forming and forging depend on steel family, delivery condition and the grade-specific qualified temperature range.

  • Clean and passivate after fabrication or welding where the specification requires it.
  • Electropolishing may be used where cleanliness or corrosion performance requires it.
  • Prevent free-iron contamination and preserve the specified surface condition.
Engineering Conclusion

Engineering conclusion and selection recommendation

1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 is worth evaluating when the principal need is high strength with better corrosion performance than conventional low-alloy steels. Internal indices of hardness 78/100, toughness 64/100, impact 60/100 and wear 72/100 must be aligned with the real failure mechanism. The leading risk is incorrect ageing response, toughness loss, distortion or stress-corrosion cracking in an unsuitable condition. Final approval requires the current standard, product form, dimensions, delivery condition, heat treatment and heat-specific MTC.

Engineering analysis
Shaygan Steel — the right choice in alloy steel
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Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently asked questions

What is 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 steel?

1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 is independently listed in the official European steel material-number register; property indices and designation-derived chemistry are clearly labelled screening guidance.

What are the main applications of 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4?

Application contexts include Shafts, axles and rotating machine components, Coil, leaf and torsion springs or resilient components, Aerospace, landing-gear and high-integrity rotating components and aerospace and high-strength fittings, subject to the product standard and actual condition.

How hard can 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 be?

Relative hardness screening index only; verify actual condition, section size and treatment. Internal screening index: 78/100 (high).

Is 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 suitable for impact loading?

Impact resistance is indexed at 60/100 and toughness at 64/100. These are not Charpy or Izod energy values; temperature, orientation, geometry and actual microstructure govern component behaviour.

What is the service-temperature limit of 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4?

The stated range is family screening guidance, not a sourced service limit. -40–420 °C is a screening range or sourced limit according to its evidence label. Check strength loss, oxidation, creep, exposure time and environment.

Can 1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4 be replaced by a close grade?

Approve substitution only after matching chemistry, specification, product form, condition, heat treatment and MTC.

Steel Comparison

Engineering steel comparison

Compare this grade with any other dossier. Scores from 0 to 100 are internal screening indices, not laboratory values or allowable design stresses.

Close suggestions:
Current grade1.4548 / X5CrNiCu17-4PH Stainless Steels
VS
Selected grade1.4542 / X5CrNiCuNb16-4PH Stainless Steels

Current-grade chemistry

Second-grade chemistry

Current-grade heat treatment

Second-grade heat treatment

Current-grade applications

    Limitations

      Second-grade applications

        Limitations

          Select a second grade to update the comparison.

          Sources & Evidence

          Sources, methodology and evidence

          Sources support grade identity, recorded values or the engineering method. General guidance does not replace product-specific certification.

          Grade-specific sources

          stahldaten.deOfficial material-number register · Tier A

          Reference supporting grade identity or recorded values; interpret it within the cited product and condition context. Role: official material number register.

          View source
          VDEh — European Steel Registration OfficeRegistration Authority · Tier A

          Reference supporting grade identity or recorded values; interpret it within the cited product and condition context. Role: registration authority.

          View source

          Methodology and analysis sources

          DIN EN 10027 — Numbering and designation framework / European Steel Registration Office

          Reference supporting the calculation method or the limits of the engineering analysis.

          View source
          Ovako Steel Navigator — Heat treatment and engineering steel data

          Reference supporting the calculation method or the limits of the engineering analysis.

          View source
          Outokumpu — Stainless corrosion resistance methodology

          Reference supporting the calculation method or the limits of the engineering analysis.

          View source
          TWI — Carbon equivalent and hydrogen cracking

          Reference supporting the calculation method or the limits of the engineering analysis.

          View source

          Dossier reviewed: 2026-08-25 · Evidence status: Official identity plus labelled composition estimate

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